| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Displacement activity ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Displacement activity
Displacement activities occur when an animal experiences high motivation for two or more conflicting behaviours: the resulting displacement activity is usually unrelated to the competing motivations. Birds, for example, may peck at grass when uncertain whether to attack or flee from an opponent; similarly, a human may scratch his or her head when they do not know which of two options to choose. Displacement activities may also occur when animals are prevented from performing a single behaviour for which they are highly motivated. Displacement activities often involve actions which bring comfort to the animal such as scratching, preening, drinking or feeding.
==History==
The first description of a displacement activity (though not the use of the term) is probably by Julian Huxley in 1914.〔Huxley J. 1914. The courtship habits of the Great Crested Grebe (''Podiceps cristatus''); with an addition to the theory of sexual selection. ''Proc Zool Soc Lond'' 647-655.〕〔Huxley J. 1970. ''Memories''. Allen & Unwin, London, p89-90.〕 The subsequent development of research on displacement activities was a direct consequence of Konrad Lorenz's works on instincts. However, the first mentions of the phenomenon came in 1940 by the two Dutch researchers Nikolaas Tinbergen and Adriaan Kortlandt.〔(Displacement Activities and Arousal )〕
Tinbergen in 1952 noted, for example, that ‘two skylarks engaged in furious combat () suddenly peck at the ground as if they were feeding’, or birds on the point of mating may suddenly begin to preen themselves. Tinbergen adopted the term ‘displacement activities’ because the behaviour appeared to be displaced from one behavioural system into another.〔Fraser, D. (2008). Understanding Animal Welfare: The Science in its Cultural Context. Wiley-Blackwell.()〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Displacement activity」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|